Monoclonal antibody 3A6 recognizes human Interleukin-1beta (IL-1B).The IL-1 family of cytokines and receptors is unique and primarily associated with innate immunity. Each member contains the Toll-IL1-Receptor (TIR) domain and trigger innate inflammation through their receptors. There are 11 members of the IL1 family of cytokines known today, inducing a nonspecific immune response. IL1B evolved to assist host defense against infection. Expression is induced by inflammatory signals in a broad panel of immune cells. It activates antigen presenting cells and potentiates CD4+ Tcells towardTh1 and Th17 cells. IL1 members are expressed as zymogens and activated by caspases to generate IL1B and IL18. IL1B acts as an amplifier of the immune response. In western society, IL1 family is nowadays also known for its role in mediating autoinflammatory diseases by excessive production. In case of chronic inflammation this can also lead to tumorgenesis. Recent clinical trials with IL1B neutralizing antibodies have demonstrated this role in pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and cancer.